Least squares frequency estimation in frequency-selective channels and its application to transmissions with antenna diversity

A new data-aided frequency estimator for frequencyselective fading channels is introduced. The proposed estimator is developed based on a least squares (LS) error criterion and can estimate frequency offsets without the need for channel information. Statistical analysis indicates that the resulting estimate is unbiased and tends to approach the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB). Simulation shows that the proposed LS method is preferable to existing techniques in mobile communications. The application of the LS estimator to systems with transmitter antenna diversity is also considered. In particular, it is demonstrated that the LS method can be successfully applied to third-generation wireless communication systems [1].